Support update { it[column] = nullableValue }

Key change is UpdateBuilder#setWithEntityIdValue, which now accepts
column: Column<out EntityID<S>?>, value: S?
previous signature was
column: Column<out EntityID<S>>, value: S?

A downside is that "[optionalReferenceColumn] = null" can't decide between
"null as ColumnType?" and "null as EntityID<ColumnType>?"

update {
  // it[optionalReferenceColumn] = null // <- does not work
  // Workaround: specify null type explicitly to call the proper overload
  it[optionalReferenceColumn] = null as EntityID<ColumnType>?
  // The following works as well:
  // it[optionalReferenceColumn] = null as ColumnType?
}

fixes JetBrains#1275

exposed-core/src/main/kotlin/org/jetbrains/exposed/sql/statements/BatchUpdateStatement.kt

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ open class BatchUpdateStatement(val table: IdTable<*>) : UpdateStatement(table,
         data.add(id to values)
     }
 
-    override fun <T, S : T?> update(column: Column<T>, value: Expression<S>) = error("Expressions unsupported in batch update")
+    override fun <T> update(column: Column<T>, value: Expression<out T>) = error("Expressions unsupported in batch update")
 
     override fun prepareSQL(transaction: Transaction): String =
         "${super.prepareSQL(transaction)} WHERE ${transaction.identity(table.id)} = ?"

exposed-core/src/main/kotlin/org/jetbrains/exposed/sql/statements/UpdateBuilder.kt

@@ -24,32 +24,32 @@ abstract class UpdateBuilder<out T>(type: StatementType, targets: List<Table>) :
     }
 
     @JvmName("setWithEntityIdExpression")
-    operator fun <S, ID : EntityID<S>, E : Expression<S>> set(column: Column<ID>, value: E) {
+    operator fun <S : Comparable<S>> set(column: Column<out EntityID<S>?>, value: Expression<out S?>) {
         require(!values.containsKey(column)) { "$column is already initialized" }
         column.columnType.validateValueBeforeUpdate(value)
         values[column] = value
     }
 
     @JvmName("setWithEntityIdValue")
-    operator fun <S : Comparable<S>, ID : EntityID<S>, E : S?> set(column: Column<ID>, value: E) {
+    operator fun <S : Comparable<S>> set(column: Column<out EntityID<S>?>, value: S?) {
         require(!values.containsKey(column)) { "$column is already initialized" }
         column.columnType.validateValueBeforeUpdate(value)
         values[column] = value
     }
 
-    open operator fun <T, S : T, E : Expression<S>> set(column: Column<T>, value: E) = update(column, value)
+    open operator fun <S> set(column: Column<S>, value: Expression<out S>) = update(column, value)
 
     open operator fun <S> set(column: CompositeColumn<S>, value: S) {
         column.getRealColumnsWithValues(value).forEach { (realColumn, itsValue) -> set(realColumn as Column<Any?>, itsValue) }
     }
 
-    open fun <T, S : T?> update(column: Column<T>, value: Expression<S>) {
+    open fun <S> update(column: Column<S>, value: Expression<out S>) {
         require(!values.containsKey(column)) { "$column is already initialized" }
         column.columnType.validateValueBeforeUpdate(value)
         values[column] = value
     }
 
-    open fun <T, S : T?> update(column: Column<T>, value: SqlExpressionBuilder.() -> Expression<S>) {
+    open fun <S> update(column: Column<S>, value: SqlExpressionBuilder.() -> Expression<out S>) {
         require(!values.containsKey(column)) { "$column is already initialized" }
         val expression = SqlExpressionBuilder.value()
         column.columnType.validateValueBeforeUpdate(expression)

exposed-tests/src/test/kotlin/org/jetbrains/exposed/sql/tests/shared/DDLTests.kt

@@ -501,7 +501,17 @@ class DDLTests : DatabaseTestsBase() {
             assertEquals(2L, Table2.selectAll().count())
 
             Table2.update {
-                it[table1] = null
+            }
+
+            Table2.update {
+                // = null can't decide between "null as Int?" and "null as EntityID<Int?>"
+                // it[table1] = null
+                it[table1] = null as Int?
+            }
+            Table2.update {
+                // = null can't decide between "null as Int?" and "null as EntityID<Int>?"
+                // it[table1] = null
+                it[table1] = null as EntityID<Int>?
             }
 
             Table1.deleteAll()

exposed-tests/src/test/kotlin/org/jetbrains/exposed/sql/tests/shared/dml/InsertTests.kt

@@ -257,6 +257,13 @@ class InsertTests : DatabaseTestsBase() {
             }
 
             verify("exp3")
+
+            tbl.insert {
+                it[string] = expression(" _exp4_ ")
+                it[nullableInt] = LiteralOp(IntegerColumnType(), null as Int?)
+            }
+
+            verify("exp4")
         }
     }
 

exposed-tests/src/test/kotlin/org/jetbrains/exposed/sql/tests/shared/entities/EntityTests.kt

@@ -208,6 +208,29 @@ class EntityTests : DatabaseTestsBase() {
         }
     }
 
+    @Test
+    fun testOptionalReference() {
+        withTables(EntityTestsData.XTable, EntityTestsData.YTable) {
+            val y = EntityTestsData.YEntity.new { }
+            EntityTestsData.XTable.insert {
+                it[EntityTestsData.XTable.y1] = y.id
+            }
+            EntityTestsData.XTable.insert {
+                // = null can't decide between "null as String?" and "null as EntityId<String>?"
+                // it[EntityTestsData.XTable.y1] = null
+                it[EntityTestsData.XTable.y1] = null as String?
+            }
+            EntityTestsData.XTable.insert {
+                // = null can't decide between "null as String?" and "null as EntityID<String>?"
+                // it[EntityTestsData.XTable.y1] = null
+                it[EntityTestsData.XTable.y1] = null as EntityID<String>?
+            }
+            EntityTestsData.XTable.insert {
+                it[EntityTestsData.XTable.y1] = "42"
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     object Boards : IntIdTable(name = "board") {
         val name = varchar("name", 255).index(isUnique = true)
     }