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<h1 id="title" class="title">Privacy Principles</h1>
<p id="w3c-state"><a href="https://www.w3.org/standards/types#ED">W3C Editor's Draft</a> <time class="dt-published" datetime="2024-05-10">10 May 2024</time></p>
<p id="w3c-state"><a href="https://www.w3.org/standards/types#ED">W3C Editor's Draft</a> <time class="dt-published" datetime="2024-07-03">03 July 2024</time></p>
<details open="">
<summary>More details about this document</summary>
<dl>
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This document was produced by a group
operating under the
<a href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Patent
<a href="https://www.w3.org/policies/patent-policy/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Patent
Policy</a>.


Expand All @@ -876,13 +876,13 @@ <h1 id="title" class="title">Privacy Principles</h1>
the group; that page also includes
instructions for disclosing a patent. An individual who has actual
knowledge of a patent which the individual believes contains
<a href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a>
<a href="https://www.w3.org/policies/patent-policy/#def-essential">Essential Claim(s)</a>
must disclose the information in accordance with
<a href="https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Patent Policy</a>.
<a href="https://www.w3.org/policies/patent-policy/#sec-Disclosure">section 6 of the <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Patent Policy</a>.

</p><p>
This document is governed by the
<a id="w3c_process_revision" href="https://www.w3.org/2023/Process-20231103/">03 November 2023 <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Process Document</a>.
<a id="w3c_process_revision" href="https://www.w3.org/policies/process/20231103/">03 November 2023 <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Process Document</a>.
</p></section><nav id="toc"><h2 class="introductory" id="table-of-contents">Table of Contents</h2><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#abstract">Abstract</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#sotd">Status of This Document</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#how-this-document-fits-in">How This Document Fits In</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#audience">Audiences for this Document</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#intro"><bdi class="secno">1. </bdi>An Introduction to Privacy on the Web</a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#autonomy"><bdi class="secno">1.1 </bdi>Individual Autonomy</a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#opt-in-out"><bdi class="secno">1.1.1 </bdi>Opt-in, Consent, Opt-out, Global Controls</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#privacy-labour"><bdi class="secno">1.1.2 </bdi>Privacy Labour</a></li></ol></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#vulnerability"><bdi class="secno">1.2 </bdi>Vulnerability</a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#guardians"><bdi class="secno">1.2.1 </bdi>Guardians</a></li></ol></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#collective"><bdi class="secno">1.3 </bdi>Collective Governance</a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#group-privacy"><bdi class="secno">1.3.1 </bdi>Group Privacy</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#transparency-for-research"><bdi class="secno">1.3.2 </bdi>Transparency and Research</a></li></ol></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#user-agents"><bdi class="secno">1.4 </bdi>User Agents</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#balancing"><bdi class="secno">1.5 </bdi>Incorporating Different Privacy Principles</a></li></ol></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#principles-for-privacy-on-the-web"><bdi class="secno">2. </bdi>Principles for Privacy on the Web</a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#identity"><bdi class="secno">2.1 </bdi>Identity on the Web</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#data-minimization"><bdi class="secno">2.2 </bdi>Data Minimization</a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#ancillary-uses"><bdi class="secno">2.2.1 </bdi>Ancillary uses</a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#designing-ancillary-apis-with-new-information"><bdi class="secno">2.2.1.1 </bdi>Designing ancillary APIs that provide new information</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#information"><bdi class="secno">2.3 </bdi>Information access</a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#unavoidable-information-exposure"><bdi class="secno">2.3.1 </bdi>Unavoidable information exposure</a></li></ol></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#hl-sensitive-information"><bdi class="secno">2.4 </bdi>Sensitive Information</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#data-rights"><bdi class="secno">2.5 </bdi>Data Rights</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#deidentified-data"><bdi class="secno">2.6 </bdi>De-identified Data</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#collective-privacy"><bdi class="secno">2.7 </bdi>Collective Privacy</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#device-administrators"><bdi class="secno">2.8 </bdi>Device Owners and Administrators</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#protecting-web-users-from-abusive-behaviour"><bdi class="secno">2.9 </bdi>Protecting web users from abusive behaviour</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#purpose-limitation"><bdi class="secno">2.10 </bdi>Purpose limitation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#transparency"><bdi class="secno">2.11 </bdi>Transparency</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#consent-principles"><bdi class="secno">2.12 </bdi>Consent, Withdrawal of Consent, Opt-Outs, and Objections</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#interruptions"><bdi class="secno">2.13 </bdi>Notifications and Interruptions</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#non-retaliation"><bdi class="secno">2.14 </bdi>Non-Retaliation</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#support-choosing-info"><bdi class="secno">2.15 </bdi>Support Choosing Which Information to Present</a></li></ol></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#boring-terminology"><bdi class="secno">A. </bdi>Common Concepts</a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#people"><bdi class="secno">A.1 </bdi>People</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#context"><bdi class="secno">A.2 </bdi>Contexts</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#parties"><bdi class="secno">A.3 </bdi>Server-Side Actors</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#acting-on-data"><bdi class="secno">A.4 </bdi>Acting on Data</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#recognition"><bdi class="secno">A.5 </bdi>Recognition</a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#recognition-types"><bdi class="secno">A.5.1 </bdi>Recognition Types</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#user-agent-recognition"><bdi class="secno">A.5.2 </bdi>User agent awareness of recognition</a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#bp-summary"><bdi class="secno">B. </bdi>Principles Summary</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#conformance"><bdi class="secno">C. </bdi>Conformance</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#acknowledgements"><bdi class="secno">D. </bdi>Acknowledgements</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#issue-summary"><bdi class="secno">E. </bdi>Issue summary</a></li><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#references"><bdi class="secno">F. </bdi>References</a><ol class="toc"><li class="tocline"><a class="tocxref" href="#informative-references"><bdi class="secno">F.1 </bdi>Informative references</a></li></ol></li></ol></nav>

<section class="introductory" id="how-this-document-fits-in"><div class="header-wrapper"><h2 id="how-this-document-fits-in-0">How This Document Fits In</h2><a class="self-link" href="#how-this-document-fits-in" aria-label="Permalink for this Section"></a></div>
Expand All @@ -907,7 +907,7 @@ <h1 id="title" class="title">Privacy Principles</h1>
background to support the web community in making informed decisions about privacy and in weaving
privacy into the architecture of the web.</p>
<p>Few architectural principles are absolute, and privacy is no exception: privacy can come into tension
with other desirable properties of an ethical architecture, including accessibility or internationalization,
with other desirable properties of an ethical architecture, including accessibility or internationalization,
and when that happens the web community will have to work together to strike the right balance.</p>
</section>

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</section></section><section id="sensitive-information"><div class="header-wrapper"><h3 id="hl-sensitive-information"><bdi class="secno">2.4 </bdi>Sensitive Information</h3><a class="self-link" href="#hl-sensitive-information" aria-label="Permalink for Section 2.4"></a></div><div class="practice principle" data-audiences="websites user-agents api-designers"><a class="marker self-link" href="#principle-sensitive"><bdi lang="en">Principle</bdi></a>: <span class="practicelab" id="principle-sensitive">
There is broad consensus that some categories of information such as credit card numbers
or precise geolocation are sensitive, but system designers should not assume that other
categories of information are therefore <em>not</em> sensitive. Whether information is
considered sensitive can vary depending on a <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-individual" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-individual-65">person</a>'s circumstances and the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-context" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-context-11">context</a>
or precise geolocation are sensitive, but system designers should not assume that other
categories of information are therefore <em>not</em> sensitive. Whether information is
considered sensitive can vary depending on a <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-individual" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-individual-65">person</a>'s circumstances and the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-context" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-context-11">context</a>
of an interaction, and it can change over time.
</span>

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</span><span class="audience-label"><span class="audience-user-agents">user agents</span></span></li><li><a class="marker self-link" href="#bp-new-web-apis-should-guard-users-information-at-least-as-well-as-existing-apis-that-are-expected-to-stay-in-the-web-platform"><bdi lang="en">Principle</bdi></a>: <span class="practicelab">New web APIs should guard users' information at least
as well as existing APIs that are expected to stay in the web platform.</span><span class="audience-label"><span class="audience-api-designers">API designers</span><span class="audience-user-agents">user agents</span></span></li><li><a class="marker self-link" href="#principle-sensitive"><bdi lang="en">Principle</bdi></a>: <span class="practicelab">
There is broad consensus that some categories of information such as credit card numbers
or precise geolocation are sensitive, but system designers should not assume that other
categories of information are therefore <em>not</em> sensitive. Whether information is
considered sensitive can vary depending on a <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-individual" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-individual-139">person</a>'s circumstances and the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-context" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-context-37">context</a>
or precise geolocation are sensitive, but system designers should not assume that other
categories of information are therefore <em>not</em> sensitive. Whether information is
considered sensitive can vary depending on a <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-individual" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-individual-139">person</a>'s circumstances and the <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-context" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-context-37">context</a>
of an interaction, and it can change over time.
</span><span class="audience-label"><span class="audience-websites">websites</span><span class="audience-user-agents">user agents</span><span class="audience-api-designers">API designers</span></span></li><li><a class="marker self-link" href="#respect-data-rights"><bdi lang="en">Principle</bdi></a>: <span class="practicelab">
<a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-individual" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-individual-140">People</a> have certain rights over <a data-link-type="dfn|abstract-op" href="#dfn-data" class="internalDFN" id="ref-for-dfn-data-59">data</a> that is about themselves, and these rights should
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</dd><dt id="bib-convention-108">[Convention-108]</dt><dd>
<a href="https://rm.coe.int/1680078b37"><cite>Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data</cite></a>. Council of Europe. URL: <a href="https://rm.coe.int/1680078b37">https://rm.coe.int/1680078b37</a>
</dd><dt id="bib-credential-management-1">[credential-management-1]</dt><dd>
<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/credential-management-1/"><cite>Credential Management Level 1</cite></a>. Nina Satragno. W3C. 28 February 2024. W3C Working Draft. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/credential-management-1/">https://www.w3.org/TR/credential-management-1/</a>
<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/credential-management-1/"><cite>Credential Management Level 1</cite></a>. Nina Satragno; Marcos Caceres. W3C. 13 June 2024. W3C Working Draft. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/credential-management-1/">https://www.w3.org/TR/credential-management-1/</a>
</dd><dt id="bib-cssom-view-1">[cssom-view-1]</dt><dd>
<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/cssom-view-1/"><cite>CSSOM View Module</cite></a>. Simon Pieters. W3C. 17 March 2016. W3C Working Draft. URL: <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/cssom-view-1/">https://www.w3.org/TR/cssom-view-1/</a>
</dd><dt id="bib-dark-pattern-dark">[Dark-Pattern-Dark]</dt><dd>
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