mm/memory_hotplug: drain per-cpu pages again during memory offline

There is a race during page offline that can lead to infinite loop:
a page never ends up on a buddy list and __offline_pages() keeps
retrying infinitely or until a termination signal is received.

Thread#1 - a new process:

load_elf_binary
 begin_new_exec
  exec_mmap
   mmput
    exit_mmap
     tlb_finish_mmu
      tlb_flush_mmu
       release_pages
        free_unref_page_list
         free_unref_page_prepare
          set_pcppage_migratetype(page, migratetype);
             // Set page->index migration type below  MIGRATE_PCPTYPES

Thread#2 - hot-removes memory
__offline_pages
  start_isolate_page_range
    set_migratetype_isolate
      set_pageblock_migratetype(page, MIGRATE_ISOLATE);
        Set migration type to MIGRATE_ISOLATE-> set
        drain_all_pages(zone);
             // drain per-cpu page lists to buddy allocator.

Thread#1 - continue
         free_unref_page_commit
           migratetype = get_pcppage_migratetype(page);
              // get old migration type
           list_add(&page->lru, &pcp->lists[migratetype]);
              // add new page to already drained pcp list

Thread#2
Never drains pcp again, and therefore gets stuck in the loop.

The fix is to try to drain per-cpu lists again after
check_pages_isolated_cb() fails.

Fixes: c52e759 ("mm: remove extra drain pages on pcp list")
Signed-off-by: Pavel Tatashin <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <[email protected]>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <[email protected]>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <[email protected]>
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <[email protected]>
Cc: Oscar Salvador <[email protected]>
Cc: Wei Yang <[email protected]>
Cc: <[email protected]>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/[email protected]
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>

mm/memory_hotplug.c

@@ -1575,6 +1575,20 @@ static int __ref __offline_pages(unsigned long start_pfn,
 		/* check again */
 		ret = walk_system_ram_range(start_pfn, end_pfn - start_pfn,
 					    NULL, check_pages_isolated_cb);
+		/*
+		 * per-cpu pages are drained in start_isolate_page_range, but if
+		 * there are still pages that are not free, make sure that we
+		 * drain again, because when we isolated range we might
+		 * have raced with another thread that was adding pages to pcp
+		 * list.
+		 *
+		 * Forward progress should be still guaranteed because
+		 * pages on the pcp list can only belong to MOVABLE_ZONE
+		 * because has_unmovable_pages explicitly checks for
+		 * PageBuddy on freed pages on other zones.
+		 */
+		if (ret)
+			drain_all_pages(zone);
 	} while (ret);
 
 	/* Ok, all of our target is isolated.

mm/page_isolation.c

@@ -170,6 +170,14 @@ __first_valid_page(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long nr_pages)
  * pageblocks we may have modified and return -EBUSY to caller. This
  * prevents two threads from simultaneously working on overlapping ranges.
  *
+ * Please note that there is no strong synchronization with the page allocator
+ * either. Pages might be freed while their page blocks are marked ISOLATED.
+ * In some cases pages might still end up on pcp lists and that would allow
+ * for their allocation even when they are in fact isolated already. Depending
+ * on how strong of a guarantee the caller needs drain_all_pages might be needed
+ * (e.g. __offline_pages will need to call it after check for isolated range for
+ * a next retry).
+ *
  * Return: the number of isolated pageblocks on success and -EBUSY if any part
  * of range cannot be isolated.
  */