Debug mode via cli option

[yasonk]

Describe your changes

This will introduce --debug flag to the run command in the CLI as described in issue #1322.

Includes the following tangental changes:

1. Minor typo fixes in the docs touched.
2. Makefile to support testing a single package.
3. Updates to existing code for consistency (e.g. using StackInputs::default() instead of Default::default())

Issues found
The unit tests in the miden-vm package don't run when executing make test. Documented in the issue #1501. Ran the unit tests manually.

Checklist before requesting a review

• Repo forked and branch created from next according to naming convention.
• Commit messages and codestyle follow conventions.
• Relevant issues are linked in the PR description.
• Tests added for new functionality.
• Documentation/comments updated according to changes.

[bobbinth]

Looks good! Thank you for doing this! This is not a full review, but I left a few comments inline.

[bobbinth]

Nice! A question: would we achieve the same result if we add executable feature? e.g.,:

$(DEBUG_ASSERTIONS) cargo nextest run --cargo-profile test-release --features testing,executable

[yasonk]

The thing that I added will run the integration tests for just one package as a convenience to avoid having to run all packages. Adding feature "executable" is required to run the unit tests inside the binary crate of miden-vm package. I created issue #1501 with the question regarding whether adding "executable" is the right way fix the problem of unit tests in miden-vm not running when using make tests

[bobbinth]

Looks great! Thank you! I left a couple more small comments inline.

[bobbinth]

All looks good! Thank you! I fixed the merge conflict and will merge as soon as CI is green.