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101: System Architecture
Description: Candidates should be able to determine and configure fundamental system hardware.
Key Knowledge Areas: Tools and utilities to list various hardware information (e.g. lsusb, lspci, etc.) Tools and utilities to manipulate USB devices Conceptual understanding of sysfs, udev, dbus
The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
/sys/
/proc/
/dev/
modprobe
lsmod
lspci
lsusb
IBM: Configure hardware settings
Access the Linux kernel using the /proc filesystem
askUbuntu: What's the “/sys” directory for?
Wikipedia: pseudo or synthetic file systems eg /proc /sys
Wikipedia: /dev or Device file
Linux Foundation: Discover the possibilities of the /proc directory
Advanced Linux Programming: The /proc system
Linux Journal: Understanding /dev
Unix stack exchange: What is the difference between procfs and sysfs?
UrbanPenguin: Understanding /proc/interrupts
UrbanPenguin: IOPORTS and DMA files on Linux
UrbanPenguin: Hardware and Drivers in Linux
UrbanPenguin: Understanding Linux processes within slash proc
Joe Collins: Linux Tip | Troubleshooting Hardware Problems
Overview of the Directory Tree /etc /dev /usr /var /proc
The /usr Versus /usr/local Debate
modprob.d ,--note the ' .d '
The Linux Foundation: Find USB device details in Linux/Unix using lsusb command
Description: Candidates should be able to guide the system through the booting process.
Key Knowledge Areas: Provide common commands to the boot loader and options to the kernel at boot time Demonstrate knowledge of the boot sequence from BIOS to boot completion Understanding of SysVinit and systemd Awareness of Upstart Check boot events in the log files
Terms and Utilities:
dmesg
BIOS
bootloader
kernel
initramfs
init
SysVinit
systemd
UrbanPenguin: Booting a Linux system
Introduction to init: the /etc/inittab file and runlevels
Boot process: Init, shutdown and GRUB
Arch Wiki: GRUB — the next generation of the GRand Unified Bootloader
Logging In And Out, pre systemd
Jason Wertz: Basics of the Linux Boot Process
Joe Collins: Mr. Desktop & Mr. Server Episode 6 | Using systemd
Boots And Shutdowns, pre systemd
System V is the classic boot process
System V Bootscript Usage and Configuration
BeginLinuxGuru: systemd Basics - the "systemctl poweroff" and "systemctl reboot" commands
Using GRUB to Set Up the Boot Process
Description: Candidates should be able to manage the SysVinit runlevel or systemd boot target of the system. This objective includes changing to single user mode, shutdown or rebooting the system. Candidates should be able to alert users before switching runlevels / boot targets and properly terminate processes. This objective also includes setting the default SysVinit runlevel or systemd boot target. It also includes awareness of Upstart as an alternative to SysVinit or systemd.
Key Knowledge Areas: Set the default runlevel or boot target Change between runlevels / boot targets including single user mode Shutdown and reboot from the command line Alert users before switching runlevels / boot targets or other major system events Properly terminate processes
Terms and Utilities:
/etc/inittab
shutdown
init
/etc/init.d/
telinit
systemd
systemctl
/etc/systemd/
/usr/lib/systemd/
wall
IBM: Runlevels, boot targets, shutdown, and reboot
UrbanPenguin: Changing Run Levels
UrbanPenguin: Using the shutdown command
RHEL7 Managing systemd runlevels
BeginLinuxGuru: systemd Basics - Targets vs. Runlevels
Shutting Down/Rebooting the System -{pre systemd}
runlevel - /etc/init.d/rc scripts
Why systemd? : Systemd vs init comparison
Understanding and Using Systemd
BeginLinuxGuru: why systemd, shutdown & reboot, daemon management, target vs runlevels