chore: use ubuntu 24.04 build base

[gruyaume]

Description

Bump the build base to Ubuntu 24.04. Here we also need to include the base-files_lib slice because starting Ubuntu 24.04, the 'base-files' package provides "bin" as a symlink to "usr/bin".

Checklist:

• My code follows the style guidelines of this project
• I have performed a self-review of my own code
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation
• I have added tests that validate the behaviour of the software
• I validated that new and existing unit tests pass locally with my changes
• Any dependent changes have been merged and published in downstream modules