DM-35396: Add provenance hooks for datastore to use

[timj]

Checklist

• ran Jenkins
• added a release note for user-visible changes to doc/changes
• (if changing dimensions.yaml) make a copy of dimensions.yaml in configs/old_dimensions

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 80.00000% with 12 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 89.44%. Comparing base (d858534) to head (7ddf988).

✅ All tests successful. No failed tests found.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
python/lsst/daf/butler/_dataset_provenance.py	60.00%	12 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #1147      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   89.46%   89.44%   -0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         366      367       +1     
  Lines       49068    49111      +43     
  Branches     5950     5955       +5     
==========================================
+ Hits        43897    43928      +31     
- Misses       3753     3765      +12     
  Partials     1418     1418              

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